Schüler E, Acharya M, Montay-Gruel P, Loo BW Jr, Vozenin MC, Maxim PG. Ultra-high dose rate electron beams and the FLASH effect: From preclinical evidence to a new radiotherapy paradigm. Med Phys. 2022 Mar;49(3):2082-2095. doi: 10.1002/mp.15442.

Wu Y, No H, Breitkreutz DY, Mascia AE, Moeckli R, Bourhis J, Schüler E, Maxim PG, Loo BW. Technological Basis for Clinical Trials in FLASH Radiation Therapy: A Review. Applied Radiation Oncology. 2021 July; 10(2):6-14.

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Wilson, J. D., Hammond, E. M., Higgins, G. S., & Petersson, K. (2020). Ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) radiotherapy: Silver bullet or fool’s gold? Frontiers in Oncology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.00210

Maxim, P. G., Keall, P., & Cai, J. (2019). FLASH radiotherapy: Newsflash or flash in the pan? Medical Physics, 46(10), 4287–4290. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13685

Griffin, R. J., Ahmed, M. M., Amendola, B., Belyakov, O., Bentzen, S. M., Butterworth, K. T., Chang, S., Coleman, C. N., Djonov, V., Formenti, S. C., Glatstein, E., Guha, C., Kalnicki, S., Le, Q. T., Loo, B. W., Jr, Mahadevan, A., Massaccesi, M., Maxim, P. G., Mohiuddin, M., Mohiuddin, M., Mayr, N. A., Obcemea, C., Petersson, K., Regine, W., Roach, M., Romanelli, P., Simone, C. B., Snider, J. W., Spitz, D. R., Vikram, B., Vozenin, M. C., Abdel-Wahab, M., Welsh, J., Wu, X., Limoli, C. L. (2020). Understanding high-dose, ultra-high dose rate, and spatially fractionated radiation therapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 107(4), 766–778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.03.028

Dutt, S., Ahmed, M. M., Loo, B. W., Jr, & Strober, S. (2020). Novel radiation therapy paradigms and immunomodulation: Heresies and hope. Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 30(2), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semradonc.2019.12.006

Kim YE, Gwak SH, Hong BJ, Oh JM, Choi HS, Kim MS, Oh D, Lartey FM, Rafat M, Schüler E, Kim HS, von Eyben R, Weissman IL, Koch CJ, Maxim PG, Loo BW Jr, Ahn GO. Effects of Ultra-high doserate FLASH Irradiation on the Tumor Microenvironment in Lewis Lung Carcinoma: Role of Myosin Light Chain. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2021 Apr 1;109(5):1440-1453. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.11.012.

Khan S, Bassenne M, Wang J, Manjappa R, Melemenidis S, Breitkreutz DY, Maxim PG, Xing L, Loo BW Jr, Pratx G. Multicellular Spheroids as In Vitro Models of Oxygen Depletion During FLASH Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2021 Jul 1;110(3):833-844. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.01.050

Eggold JT, Chow S, Melemenidis S, Wang J, Natarajan S, Loo PE, Manjappa R, Viswanathan V, Kidd EA, Engleman E, Dorigo O, Loo BW Jr, Rankin EB. Abdominopelvic FLASH Irradiation Improves PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Preclinical Models of Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2022 Feb;21(2):371-381. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-21-0358.

Ha B, Liang K, Liu C, Melemenidis S, Manjappa R, Viswanathan V, Das N, Ashraf R, Lau B, Soto L, Graves EE, Rao J, Loo BW Jr, Pratx G. Real-time optical oximetry during FLASH radiotherapy using a phosphorescent nanoprobe. Radiother Oncol. 2022 Nov;176:239-243. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.08.011.

Jorge PG, Melemenidis S, Grilj V, Buchillier T, Manjappa R, Viswanathan V, Gondré M, Vozenin MC, Germond JF, Bochud F, Moeckli R, Limoli C, Skinner L, No HJ, Wu YF, Surucu M, Yu AS, Lau B, Wang J, Schüler E, Bush K, Graves EE, Maxim PG, Loo BW Jr, Bailat C. Design and validation of a dosimetric comparison scheme tailored for ultra-high dose-rate electron beams to support multicenter FLASH preclinical studies. Radiother Oncol. 2022 Oct;175:203-209. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.08.023.

Schüler, E., Trovati, S., King, G., Lartey, F., Rafat, M., Villegas, M., Praxel, A. J., Loo, B. W., Jr, & Maxim, P. G. (2017). Experimental platform for ultra-high dose rate FLASH irradiation of small animals using a clinical linear accelerator. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 97(1), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.09.018

Simmons, D. A., Lartey, F. M., Schüler, E., Rafat, M., King, G., Kim, A., Ko, R., Semaan, S., Gonzalez, S., Jenkins, M., Pradhan, P., Shih, Z., Wang, J., von Eyben, R., Graves, E. E., Maxim, P. G., Longo, F. M., & Loo, B. W., Jr (2019). Reduced cognitive deficits after FLASH irradiation of whole mouse brain are associated with less hippocampal dendritic spine loss and neuroinflammation. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 139, 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2019.06.006

Levy, K., Natarajan, S., Wang, J., Chow, S., Eggold, J. T., Loo, P., Manjappa, R., Lartey, F. M., Schüler, E., Skinner, L., Rafat, M., Ko, R., Kim, A., Rawi, D. A., von Eyben, R., Dorigo, O., Casey, K. M., Graves, E. E., Bush, K., Yu, A. S., Koong, A. C., Maxim, P. G., Loo, B. W., Jr, & Rankin, E. B. (2019). FLASH irradiation enhances the therapeutic index of abdominal radiotherapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.12.873414

Soto, L. A., Casey, K. M., Wang, J., Blaney, A., Manjappa, R., Breitkreutz, D., Skinner, L., Dutt, S., Ko, R. B., Bush, K., Yu, A. S., Melemenidis, S., Strober, S., Englemann, E., Maxim, P. G., Graves, E. E., & Loo, B. W., Jr (2020). FLASH irradiation results in reduced severe skin toxicity compared to conventional-dose-rate irradiation. Radiation Research, 10.1667/RADE-20-00090. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1667/rade-20-00090

Ko, R. B., Soto, L. A., von Eyben, R., Melemenidis, S., Rankin, E. B., Maxim, P. G., Graves, E. E., & Loo, B. W., Jr (2020). Evaluating the reproducibility of mouse anatomy under rotation in a custom immobilization device for conformal FLASH radiotherapy. Radiation Research, 10.1667/RADE-20-00095. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00095

Whelan B, Trovati S, Wang J, Fahrig R, Maxim PG, Hanuka A, Shumail M, Tantawi S, Merrick J, Perl J, Keall P, Loo BW Jr. Bayesian optimization to design a novel x-ray shaping device. Med Phys. 2022 Dec;49(12):7623-7637. doi: 10.1002/mp.15887.

Wang J, Wang L, Maxim PG, Loo BW Jr. An automated optimization strategy to design collimator geometry for small field radiation therapy systems. Phys Med Biol. 2021 Apr 6;66(7). doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/abeba9.

Maxim, P. G., Tantawi, S. G., & Loo, B. W., Jr (2019). PHASER: A platform for clinical translation of FLASH cancer radiotherapy. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 139, 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2019.05.005

Bazalova-Carter, M., Liu, M., Palma, B., Dunning, M., McCormick, D., Hemsing, E., Nelson, J., Jobe, K., Colby, E., Koong, A. C., Tantawi, S. G., Dolgashev, V., Maxim, P. G., & Loo, B. W., Jr (2015). Comparison of film measurements and Monte Carlo simulations of dose delivered with very high-energy electron beams in a polystyrene phantom. Medical Physics, 42(4), 1606–1613. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4914371

Bazalova-Carter, M., Qu, B., Palma, B., Hårdemark, B., Hynning, E., Jensen, C., Maxim, P. G., & Loo, B. W., Jr (2015). Treatment planning for radiotherapy with very high-energy electron beams and comparison of VHEE and VMAT plans. Medical Physics, 42(5), 2615–2625. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4918923

Cherry Kemmerling, E. M., Wu, M., Yang, H., Maxim, P. G., Loo, B. W., Jr, & Fahrig, R. (2015). Optimization of an on-board imaging system for extremely rapid radiation therapy. Medical Physics, 42(11), 6757–6767. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4934377

Palma, B., Bazalova-Carter, M., Hårdemark, B., Hynning, E., Qu, B., Loo, B. W., Jr, & Maxim, P. G. (2016). Assessment of the quality of very high-energy electron radiotherapy planning. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 119(1), 154–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2016.01.017

Schüler, E., Eriksson, K., Hynning, E., Hancock, S. L., Hiniker, S. M., Bazalova-Carter, M., Wong, T., Le, Q. T., Loo, B. W., Jr, & Maxim, P. G. (2017). Very high-energy electron (VHEE) beams in radiation therapy: treatment plan comparison between VHEE, VMAT, and PPBS. Medical Physics, 44(6), 2544–2555. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12233

Wang, J., Trovati, S., Borchard, P. M., Loo, B. W., Jr, Maxim, P. G., & Fahrig, R. (2017). Thermal limits on MV x-ray production by bremsstrahlung targets in the context of novel linear accelerators. Medical Physics, 44(12), 6610–6620. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12615

Schüler, E., Wang, L., Loo, B. W., Jr, & Maxim, P. G. (2019). Conical beam geometry intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 64(12), 125014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ab246f

Breitkreutz, D. Y., Shumail, M., Bush, K. K., Tantawi, S. G., Maxim, P. G., & Loo, B. W., Jr, (2020). Initial steps towards a clinical FLASH radiotherapy system: Pediatric whole brain irradiation with 40 MeV electrons at FLASH dose rates. Radiation Research, 10.1667/RADE-20-00069.1. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00069.1

Tantawi, S. G., Nasr, M., Li, Z., Limborg, C., & Borchard, P. (2020). Design and demonstration of a distributed-coupling linear accelerator structure. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 23(9). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.23.092001

Wang, J. W., Tantawi, S. G., Xu, C., Franzi, M., Krejcik, P., Bowden, G., Condamoor, S., Ding, Y., Dolgashev, V., Eichner, J., Haase, A., Lewandowski, J. R., & Xiao, L. (2017). Development for a supercompact X -band pulse compression system and its application at SLAC. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 20(11). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.20.110401

Franzi, M., Wang, J., Dolgashev, V., & Tantawi, S. G. (2016). Compact RF polarizer and its application to pulse compression systems. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 19, 062002. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.19.062002

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Tantawi, S. G., Nantista, C., Kroll, N., Li, Z., Miller, R., Ruth, R., Wilson, P., & Neilson, J. (2002). Multimoded RF delay line distribution system for the Next Linear Collider. Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevstab.5.032001

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